Acute tubular necrosis is a kidney disorder involving damage to the tubule cells of the kidneys, which can lead to acute kidney failure.
Causes
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is often caused by a lack of blood flow and oxygen to the kidney tissues (ischemia of the kidneys). It may also occur if the kidney cells are damaged by a poison or harmful substance.
The internal structures of the kidney, particularly the tissues of the kidney tubule, become damaged or destroyed. ATN is one of the most common structural changes that can lead to acute renal failure.
ATN is a common cause of kidney failure in hospitalized people. Risks for ATN include:
Blood transfusion reaction
Injury or trauma that damages the muscles
Low blood pressure (hypotension) that lasts longer than 30 minutes
Recent major surgery
Septic shock due to severe infection
Liver disease and kidney damage caused by diabetes (diabetic nephropathy) may make a person more susceptible to the condition.
ATN can also be caused by:
Dye (contrast) used for x-ray (radiology) studies
Medicines that are toxic to the kidneys (such as aminoglycoside antibiotics or amphotericin)
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